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Researched1661 · Middle Ages & Renaissance (500 – 1700)

Formal Sciences & Matter / Chemistry & Materials

Boyle's Sceptical Chymist

Boyle attacks the alchemists' four elements (1661) and asks chemists to define elements by experiment.

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In The Sceptical Chymist he argued that matter consists of corpuscles and that a substance is an element only if it cannot be broken down. His air-pump work gave gas chemistry its footing, and Lavoisier's table of elements (1789) completed the move.

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