Researched
Scientific Societies & Journals
The Royal Society (1660) and the first scholarly journals (1665) make publishing results for everyone to check a routine of science.
Open in the interactive tree →The Journal des sçavans (January 1665) and the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (March 1665) were the first scholarly journals. Henry Oldenburg, who edited the Transactions, recorded who reported a finding and when, so priority could be settled in print. Academies in London (1660) and Paris (1666) gave researchers a place to meet and test claims; this system of publication and reputation later grew into modern peer review.
Prerequisites
- Printing Press~1450
- Scientific Method~1600-1620
Unlocks
- Enlightenment & Encyclopedia1715-1789Academies and journals formed the network of correspondents behind the Enlightenment
- Peer Review & Research Bodies1945-1975Journals and learned societies are the older system that peer review formalised
- Citation Index (SCI)1964
Sources
More in Foundations of Civilization · Middle Ages & Renaissance
- Baghdad Translation Movement~800
- East Asian Printing868
- Universities1088
- Printing Press~1450
- Scientific Method~1600-1620