Researched
Kalman Filter
Rudolf Kalman's filter (1960) combines noisy measurements with a model to track the best estimate of a moving state.
Open in the interactive tree →NASA first used the method for Apollo navigation, and it is now inside GPS receivers, aircraft, phones and robots. It is the standard way machines estimate their own position and motion.
Prerequisites
Unlocks
- Moon landing1969Apollo navigation used Kalman filtering of its measurements
- Satellite navigation (GPS)1995GPS receivers estimate position with Kalman filtering
- DARPA Grand Challenge2005
- Robotaxis in Daily Service2020–2026Self-driving cars fuse sensors with Kalman-type filters