Researched
Liquid-Crystal Display
Twisted-nematic liquid crystals (Schadt and Helfrich, 1971) switch light with tiny voltages, giving flat, low-power displays.
Open in the interactive tree →Liquid crystals were found in 1888, RCA showed a display in 1968, and the twisted-nematic cell of 1971 led to watches, calculators and, with thin-film transistors, laptops and flat TVs.
Prerequisites
Unlocks
- Smartphone2007The touch screen of the first smartphones is a liquid-crystal display