Human Tech Tree
Researched~1890 · Industrial Age (1700 – 1900)

Energy & Industry / Energy

Pumped-Storage Hydropower

Surplus power pumps water uphill and later runs it back through turbines: the oldest and still largest way to store grid electricity.

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The first pumped-storage plants appeared in Italy and Switzerland in the 1890s. Pumped storage still holds most of the energy stored on the world's power grids.

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