Researched
Freud, Pavlov, behaviorism
Early theories explained behavior through unconscious conflicts or through learned reflexes.
Open in the interactive tree →Sigmund Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams (1899/1900) founded psychoanalysis and talk therapy and made the unconscious a theme. Ivan Pavlov's conditioned reflexes (Nobel Prize 1904) and John Watson's behaviorism (1913) argued that only observable behavior belongs to science. Both were later challenged, but they created systematic therapy and the study of learning.